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一、表达逻辑不同。
       汉语先讲原因再讲结果,英语先讲结果再讲原因。中国人的文化比较含蓄,在进行了一些铺垫阐述以后,认为结果对方能够揣测到,使这个结果或者要求自然而然。英国人思维方式直接,说话方式喜欢开门见山,把最重要的信息放在最前面。
       当我们问朋友借钱时,我们会说:“我被老爸赶出了门,被女朋友踹了,现在又碰到了经济危机找不到工作,你能不能借我100块钱?”但同样的情况一个英国人会说:Could you lend me 100 yuan? You know I was expelled by my father, dumped by my girl friend and what is worse I am jobless due to the economic crisis.
 
 二、英语多用有灵主语,汉语多用有灵主语
     “灵”即生命,英语思维比较客观,以事物作主语较多,汉语思维较主观,以人作主语较多。例句:When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.译文:当伦敦动物园接到报告说,在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时,这些报告并没有受到重视。
 
 三、和对于英语语族的人来说,汉语族人喜欢用动词表达自己,而英语教育注重抽象思维,常化动为静,善用名词。
       如翻译“家里已有5个孩子,全家人常年在贫困中挣扎”。几乎所有的同学的译文结构如下:The family has five children and they have to struggle against poverty all year round.其实按照美国人的思维方式就会翻译成:As the parents had five children, life was a perpetual struggle against poverty.译文虽然不尽相同,但“在贫困中挣扎”都是用动词词组。
 
 四、汉语先说细节再总结,英语先说结论再展开细节。
        举例:The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. Houses ---- often three storeys high ---- were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. The city was even equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow street.
       这一段总共四句话。第一句讲这座古城肯定很繁华,曾享有高度文明。第二句是讲房子,房子很高,还是用石头造的。第三句讲房间,房间很大,房间里的墙壁装饰华丽。第四句是讲城市里的排水系统。我们细细分析一下不难发现,其实第一句就是作者要表达的中心意思:城市很繁华。后三句不过是从三个不同角度(房子,房间,排水系统)来论证作者要表达的中心意思。这帮助我们理清了英语写作中一个重要的结构:就是主旨句 (topic sentence) 加支持性细节 (supporting details)。主旨句表达全段的中心思想。支持性细节是支持主旨句的例子,解释等,目的是帮助读者充分理解作者在主旨句中所表达的含义。

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